根據美國食品藥物管理局 (FDA) 的規定,從2022年11月起,NMN 已經被視為一種研發中的藥物而非膳食補充劑,因此不能作為膳食補充劑在美國合法銷售。 換言之,NMN在美國已經是非法的保健產品。根據研究結果顯示,NADH為極佳的NAD+促進劑,因此與NMN有關之研究結果亦可期待以NADH達到相同之效果。
在衰老的過程中,NAD+ 水平的降低與多種和年齡相關的疾病有關,一些研究提供證據表明增加體內的NAD+水平可以對抗這些疾病。 例如,一項研究表明補充 NMN 可增強老年男性的肌肉功能,而另一項研究表明它會增加老年女性的胰島素敏感性。
哈佛大學和華盛頓大學等機構的 NMN 研究表明,補充NMN或增強 NMN 的合成,可以促進囓齒動物衰老期間的長壽和健康。 Sinclair 及其同事發現,當老年老鼠喝了注入 NMN 的水時,它們的跑步耐力幾乎翻了一番。 進一步的研究表明,給小鼠注射 NMN 可以在衰老過程中保持認知能力。 此外,Imai 及其同事的一項研究表明,NMN 合成的激增使小鼠的剩餘壽命增加了一倍以上。
(Das et al., 2018 | Cell) NMN 顯著提高老年小鼠的跑步耐力。 在飲用水中給予 400 mg/kg/天的 NMN 的老年小鼠(20 個月大)在它們因疲憊而停止跑步之前顯示出顯著延長的跑步時間。
(Tarantini et al., 2019 | Redox Biology) NMN 提供神經保護益處,以保持老年小鼠的認知能力。 顯示老鼠逃離水迷宮的路徑的熱圖表明,老年老鼠比年輕老鼠犯了更多的錯誤,但服用 NMN 改善了這些錯誤。 右圖顯示,在水迷宮中,老年小鼠的記憶錯誤明顯多於年輕小鼠,但 NMN 挽救了老年小鼠的記憶。 這些發現支持 NMN 在衰老過程中增強認知能力。
(Yoshida et al., 2019 | Cell Metabolism) 給小鼠注射一種能驅動 NMN 合成的酶,可使雌性小鼠的剩餘壽命延長一倍以上。 給雌性小鼠注射含有 NMN 合成酶煙酰胺磷酸核糖基轉移酶 (NAMPT) 的囊泡後,它們的剩餘壽命增加了一倍以上(圖 J)。 從小鼠皮毛的健康狀況(圖 K 中註射了含有 NAMPT 的囊泡的頂級小鼠)可以看出,NMN 合成的激增也改善了整體健康狀況。
(Hong et al., 2021 | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology) NMN 通過增加 NAD+ 水平來改善許多與年齡相關的疾病。 NMN 的健康相關益處擴展到從心臟到眼睛再到大腦的組織。
服用 NMN 可能提供一種有希望的方法來對抗與年齡相關的疾病和小病。 以下是闡明 NMN 潛在益處的主要研究摘要。
1. 骨頭修復:
2. 癌症:
3. 心血管:
4. DNA修復:
5. 保護眼睛:
6. 免疫力:
7. 長壽:
8. 代謝:
9. 神經性疾病:
10. 生殖:
11. 皮膚和肌肉:
12. 器官健康:
13. 機轉:
文章來源:https://www.nmn.com/what-does-nmn-do
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